These results imply that the biological link between movement and auditory rhythms in our species is supported by the capacity of high-groove music to stimulate arousal in the central and peripheral nervous system, presumably via highly conserved noradrenergic mechanisms. We additionally report evidence for consistent sex differences in music-induced pupillary responses, with males exhibiting larger differences between responses, but females exhibiting stronger responses overall. low spectral content, and (3) syncopated vs. Our results show stronger pupil dilation in response to (1) high- vs. In a series of three experiments we examine pupillary responses to musical stimuli varying in groove.
Here, we utilize this difference to investigate the neurophysiological basis of our capacity for auditory-motor entrainment. This variation is captured by the concept of musical groove: high-groove music stimulates a strong desire for movement, whereas low-groove music does not. An important aspect of auditory-motor entrainment is that not all forms of rhythmic stimulation motivate movement to the same degree. The capacity to entrain motor action to rhythmic auditory stimulation is highly developed in humans and extremely limited in our closest relatives.
